The Translational Medicine Ontology and Knowledge Base: driving personalized medicine by bridging the gap between bench and bedside.

BACKGROUND: Translational medicine requires the integration of knowledge using heterogeneous data from health care to the life sciences. Here, we describe a collaborative effort to produce a prototype Translational Medicine Knowledge Base (TMKB) capable of answering questions relating to clinical practice and pharmaceutical drug discovery. RESULTS: We developed the Translational Medicine Ontology (TMO) as a unifying ontology to integrate chemical, genomic and proteomic data with disease, treatment, and electronic health records. We demonstrate the use of Semantic Web technologies in the integration of patient and biomedical data, and reveal how such a knowledge base can aid physicians in providing tailored patient care and facilitate the recruitment of patients into active clinical trials. Thus, patients, physicians and researchers may explore the knowledge base to better understand therapeutic options, efficacy, and mechanisms of action. CONCLUSIONS: This work takes an important step in using Semantic Web technologies to facilitate integration of relevant, distributed, external sources and progress towards a computational platform to support personalized medicine. AVAILABILITY: TMO can be downloaded from http://code.google.com/p/translationalmedicineontology and TMKB can be accessed at http://tm.semanticscience.org/sparql.

A study of Russian phytomedicine and commonly used herbal remedies.

Immigrants into this country often bring their own cultural beliefs and medical system with them. Since many parts of the world use phytomedicine as the sole source of pharmaceuticals, this means that their traditional form of therapy includes the use of herbal products. It has been observed that many immigrants from the former Soviet Union are used to using phytomedicine and actively seek out familiar herbs when they come to the United States (U.S.). This paper provides a description of the most commonly used Russian phytomedicinals with an explanation of indications for use and Latin and English translations of each plant's name. This makes available insights into the use of herbals in the former Soviet Union and aids in bridging the cultural and language gap between herbal medicine in the U.S. and in Russia.